Rapid Review

Reviewed March 2024 Pyloric Stenosis Sample question: A 3-week-old boy presents with two days of nonbilious projectile vomiting. Examination reveals a mass in the infant’s right upper quadrant. On a barium upper GI series report, the radiologist states a string sign is present. Which of the following is this infant at greatest risk of developing?

Reviewed January 2024 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome Sample question: A 23-year-old man presents to your clinic with intermittent episodes of chest discomfort, heart palpitations, and decreased exercise tolerance. Which of the following ECG findings would most strongly suggest a diagnosis of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

Reviewed February 2024 Fat-Soluble Vitamin Deficiencies Sample question: A 2-year-old boy is brought by his parents to the clinic because of opacity and hyperpigmentation of both eyes. His skin is noted to be dry and scaly, especially on the arms, legs, shoulders, and buttocks. He also gets sick frequently. Physical examination reveals an afebrile and read more…

Reviewed February 2024

Reviewed February 2024 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Sample question: A 28-year-old woman presents to the physician because she and her partner have been trying to conceive for the past year without success. She reports irregular menstrual periods, with cycles ranging from 20 to 50 days apart. Physical examination reveals acne and hirsutism. Her body mass read more…

Reviewed February 2024 Ulcerative Colitis Sample question: A 23-year-old man presents to the clinic with persistent bloody and mucoid diarrhea, severe abdominal cramps, weight loss, and fatigue for the past 2 months. His vital signs are within normal limits. Examination is significant for tenderness in the left lower quadrant and hypogastrium. Stool culture, examination for read more…

Reviewed February 2024 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Sample question: A 19-year-old woman presents with 4 days of high fever, headache, and myalgias. She also developed a blanching erythematous rash with macules on her wrists and ankles that spread to her trunk. She reports no history of distant travel but was camping at a local read more…

Reviewed February 2024 Anticholinergic Toxidrome Sample question: A 28-year-old man presents with his friends to the ED with altered mental status. The patient has no known medical or allergic history. His friends state that he was well until 1 hour ago. They have been camping, “living off the land,” and eating an assortment of berries read more…

Reviewed March 2024

Reviewed January 2024 de Quervain Tenosynovitis Sample question: A 20-year-old man who is employed in construction presents with pain to his thumb and wrist for 4 months. He states that the pain worsens while he is working. Examination reveals pain along the radial surface of the wrist with forced ulnar abduction. What management is indicated?

Reviewed February 2024 Kawasaki Disease Sample question: A 4-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with his parents because of a rash and fever for 7 days. His temperature is 102.9°F (39.4°C) and heart rate is 120 bpm. Physical examination demonstrates bilateral conjunctival injection, an erythematous tongue, and anterior cervical lymphadenopathy. The patient has a read more…

Reviewed March 2024 Wernicke Encephalopathy Sample question: A 53-year-old woman with chronic alcohol use disorder presents with confusion and blurred vision. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination reveals a wide-based gait, inability to abduct her right eye fully, nystagmus, and difficulty with memory. Her alcohol level is 0.0 mg/dL. Which of the read more…

Reviewed February 2024 Achalasia Sample question: A 60-year-old man comes to the clinic with reports of difficulty swallowing, heartburn, chest pain, and mild weight loss. He has difficulty swallowing solids and liquids and often regurgitates undigested food. He has no significant past medical history and takes no medications. He reports no travel-related infection. Esophageal manometry read more…

Reviewed January 2024 Tetralogy of Fallot Sample question: A 1-year-old girl presents to the emergency room after her mother noticed that she became blue while crying. The patient subsequently squatted on the ground and the mother noticed a resolution in the cyanosis. On physical exam, the patient is now calm and vital signs are normal. A loud read more…

Reviewed January 2024 Chlamydia Cervicitis

Reviewed February 2024 Cushing Syndrome Sample question: A 35-year-old woman presents to the clinic with decreased libido, weight gain, and menstrual irregularities. She says she has gained 35 pounds in the past three months without any changes in her diet. She has also noticed her face has become more round. Examination shows a dorsal fat read more…

Reviewed February 2024 Hypercalcemia Sample question: A 62-year-old woman with nephrolithiasis presents to the emergency department with muscle weakness, nausea, and confusion. ECG reveals bradycardia with a shortened QT interval. Laboratory findings include a total calcium of 14.7 mg/dL. In addition to starting intravenous isotonic saline at 200 mL/hour, which of the following is the read more…

Reviewed February 2024 Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Sample Question: A 2-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a cough. For the past week, he has had a low-grade fever, cough, and a runny nose with itchy, red eyes. These symptoms have progressed to recurrent episodes of more severe coughing. The child is observed to have read more…

Reviewed February 2024 Acanthosis Nigricans Sample question: A 39-year-old woman presents for evaluation of darkening areas on the back of her neck. She has a history of hypertension and hypothyroidism. Her current medications include oral contraceptives, levothyroxine 125 mcg, and lisinopril 10 mg. Her vital signs are body mass index of 35.2 kg/m2, temperature of 97.7°F, read more…

Reviewed March 2024 Subdural Hematoma Sample question: A 68-year-old man presents to the ED after a fall down 12 stairs. On physical exam, you note a large parietal scalp hematoma. His noncontrast computed tomography scan of the head shows a crescent-shaped hematoma. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?