Pediatrics

Reviewed February 2024 Sample Question: A 61-year-old man with hypertension is brought to the emergency department 20 minutes after having a generalized tonic–clonic seizure. He has had recurrent headaches over the past 6 months. He frequently travels throughout South America, where he swims in fresh water and eats street food, including meat and fish. He read more…

Reviewed March 2024 Pyloric Stenosis Sample question: A 3-week-old boy presents with two days of nonbilious projectile vomiting. Examination reveals a mass in the infant’s right upper quadrant. On a barium upper GI series report, the radiologist states a string sign is present. Which of the following is this infant at greatest risk of developing?

Reviewed February 2024 Fat-Soluble Vitamin Deficiencies Sample question: A 2-year-old boy is brought by his parents to the clinic because of opacity and hyperpigmentation of both eyes. His skin is noted to be dry and scaly, especially on the arms, legs, shoulders, and buttocks. He also gets sick frequently. Physical examination reveals an afebrile and read more…

Reviewed February 2024 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Sample question: A 19-year-old woman presents with 4 days of high fever, headache, and myalgias. She also developed a blanching erythematous rash with macules on her wrists and ankles that spread to her trunk. She reports no history of distant travel but was camping at a local read more…

Reviewed February 2024 Anticholinergic Toxidrome Sample question: A 28-year-old man presents with his friends to the ED with altered mental status. The patient has no known medical or allergic history. His friends state that he was well until 1 hour ago. They have been camping, “living off the land,” and eating an assortment of berries read more…

Reviewed February 2024 Kawasaki Disease Sample question: A 4-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with his parents because of a rash and fever for 7 days. His temperature is 102.9°F (39.4°C) and heart rate is 120 bpm. Physical examination demonstrates bilateral conjunctival injection, an erythematous tongue, and anterior cervical lymphadenopathy. The patient has a read more…

Reviewed January 2024 Tetralogy of Fallot Sample question: A 1-year-old girl presents to the emergency room after her mother noticed that she became blue while crying. The patient subsequently squatted on the ground and the mother noticed a resolution in the cyanosis. On physical exam, the patient is now calm and vital signs are normal. A loud read more…

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Reviewed January 2024 Chlamydia Cervicitis

Reviewed February 2024 Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Sample Question: A 2-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a cough. For the past week, he has had a low-grade fever, cough, and a runny nose with itchy, red eyes. These symptoms have progressed to recurrent episodes of more severe coughing. The child is observed to have read more…

Reviewed January 2024 Von Willebrand disease Sample question: A 27-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with vaginal bleeding. She states that the bleeding is sporadic throughout the month and her periods last up to 8–10 days. She is otherwise healthy and has no other concerns. She notes that her mother and sister have always had long read more…

Reviewed January 2024 Hyphema Sample Question: A 13-year-old boy is brought to the urgent care clinic by his mother. He was struck in the eye with a baseball while playing with classmates during recess. He complains of blurred vision and excruciating eye pain. Examination of the eye reveals decreased visual acuity, miosis, photophobia, and grossly visible read more…

Reviewed February 2024 Osgood-Schlatter Disease Sample question: A 15-year-old boy presents to the ED with right knee pain for the last 2 weeks. He is the point guard on his high-school basketball team. The pain is worse after basketball practice or a game. He does not specifically remember injuring his knee. On examination, he is tender read more…

Reviewed February 2024 Molluscum Contagiosum

Reviewed February 2024 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Bacterial Tracheitis Sample Question: A 3-year-old boy presents in severe respiratory distress. His mother informs you that he has been ill for the last five days, initially with a low-grade fever and “barky cough.”  He was seen at an urgent care facility four days ago and given a “breathing treatment” and discharged on steroids. He has become read more…

Reviewed January 2024 Absence Seizures

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Reviewed January 2024 Small Bowel Obstruction

Reviewed January 2024 Appendicitis